Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành ( past perfect )

Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh Thì Quá Khứ Đơn

Form:  S + Had + PP + O

Khẳng định

S + had + past participle

I, You, He, She, We, They had finished before I arrived.

Phủ định

S  + had + not (hadn't) + past participle

I, You, He, She, We, They hadn't eaten before he finished the job.

Nghi vấn

S + had + Chủ ngữ + past participle

What -> had he, she, you, we, they thought before I asked the question? 

Cách dùng:

Hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác

I had eaten lunch before they arrived.
Susan had already finished the project when he asked for help.

Hành động xảy ra trong 1 khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ, trước 1 mốc thời gian khác

I had lived abroad for twenty years when I received the transfer.
Jane had studied in England before she did her master's at Harvard.

Hành động xảy ra như là điều kiện tiên quyết cho hành động khác

I had prepared for the exams and was ready to do well.
Tom had lost twenty pounds and could begin anew.

Trong câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả điều kiện không có thực

If I had known that, I would have acted differently.
She would have come to the party if she had been invited.

Dùng với wish để diễn tả ước muốn trong quá khứ

I wish you had told me.
She wishes she had known about his problems.